Bilinear algorithms for discrete cosine transforms of prime lengths

Abstract: This paper presents a strategy to design bilinear discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithms of prime lengths. We show that by using multiplicative groups of integers, one can identify and arrange the computation as a pair of convolutions. When the DCT length p is such that (p−1)/2 is odd, the computation uses two (p−1)/2 point cyclic convolutions. When (p − 1)/2 = 2q with m > 0 and q odd, the computation requires one (p − 1)/2 point cyclic convolution and a combination of a q point cyclic convolution and a 2 point Hankel product. Using bilinear algorithms for convolutions and Hankel products, one gets a bilinear DCT algorithm. We also show that the additions required beyond the convolutions can be minimized by a small modification to the convolution algorithms. This minimization exploits the fact that efficient bilinear convolution algorithms are almost always based on Chinese Remainder Theorem.